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發表於 2007-1-1 19:29:58
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Pietrain, Belgium, the village from which the breed takes its name, was the birthplace of the breed. The exact origin is unknown but the local breed was "brought to the fore" during the difficult period of the swine market in 1950-51. The breed became popular in its native country and was exported to other countries, especially Germany.
比利時的比利華為此一品種的發源村莊名,但實際上其真正的來源已無可考,而在1950~51年時豬隻市場非常低迷之際,此一地方性品種被推出且成為領銜之尊,之後在其發源國蔚為風潮,且被出口到其他國家去,尤其是德國引進許多。
The breed is of medium size and is white with black spots. Around the black spots there are characteristic rings of light pigmentation that carries white hair. This, coupled with the fact that the black hair is not as deeply pigmented as on black breeds, or the black spots on some spotted breeds, leaves them with less than the most attractive coats. The breed is commonly referred to as being of piebald markings. The ears are carried erect.
此一品種為中型體型,具有白底黑斑點的外觀,黑斑點的邊緣還會有較淺的環狀色素沉積,外面覆以白色毛髮,所以由此能夠發現其黑色毛髮不像純黑色品種那樣的強烈呈現其色澤,或是其黑斑點也沒有其他黑斑點品種那樣明顯,因此讓此一品種特別出現這樣的皮毛特色,比利華品種一般都認為其具有這種雜斑印記,另外,其具有豎耳的外觀。
The type of the breed is quite distinct. They are shorter of leg than most breeds, stockier in build, and quite broad along the back. The hams are extremely bulging and muscular. They carry an extremely high proportion of lean to fat. When compared to the Belgian Landrace which is itself known for its meatiness, they excelled in usable lean, having 66.7 percent as compared to 63.2 percent; in defatted loin they cut out 24.5 percent as compared to 23.4 percent; their hams averaged 24.6 percent as compared to 23.4 percent; and in lean to fat ratio, the breed had 9.2 to 1 while the comparison was 6.3 to 1. These comparative figures, and its reputation for very high quality lean, makes the breed a desired one for fresh meat processing. And, most pork is sold as fresh meat in Belgium.
此品種的型態相當獨特。他們腿部較多數品種為短, 體型更為健壯結實,沿背部相當寬廣。腿部極端凸起,肌肉線條發達。他們帶有極端高比例的瘦肉油脂。比利華與本身為人所知多肉的比利時藍瑞斯做比較, 在可利用瘦肉率上以百分之66.7 勝過百分之63.2 ; 在去脂的大里肌裡他們切去了百分之24.5 ,比利時藍瑞斯為百分之23.4 ; 腿部平均比率為百分之24.6 對百分之23.4 ; 並在瘦肉與脂肪比率上為9.2 比1 ,在比利時藍瑞斯上則為6.3 比1 。上述經比較後的數字, 讓它在高品質瘦肉上享有美譽, 並作為生鮮肉處理的渴望品種。在比利時多數比利華豬肉作為生鮮肉銷售。
The breed has developed a reputation for improving the quality of market swine when the boars are used on sows of other breeds, especially the Belgian Landrace. While the sows of the breed are prolific, they lack some in mothering characteristics and in milk production.利用此品種公豬與其他品種母豬結合以提高市場豬肉品質上享譽盛名,尤其在與比利時藍瑞斯上.當此品種母豬多產下,他們缺乏了部分母性特質與泌乳能力
Pietrain swine were imported into Germany in 1960-61. The main breeding areas in that country are Schleswig-Holstein, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Wurttemberg-Baden. They are commonly used in crossbreeding in Germany to improve the quality of pork produced.
德國曾在1960~61年進口比利華豬.在德國本土主要育種區域為Schleswig-Holstein, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Wurttemberg-Baden.在德國通常用於雜交以提升豬肉品質
While the Pietrain has recently been loosing popularity in its native country, it does have the potential for providing genetic improvement in carcass quality. In Belgium, the breed is tested regularly for the selection of superior performing lines of swine in the eight test stations that are scattered over the country.
當比利華在其原始生產國逐漸減少族群時,牠確實對屠體品質具有遺傳提升潛力.在比利時,此品種用於遍步全國八個測定中心選拔特優表現豬隻品系試驗上. |
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