一年30頭小豬

大萊產業

有哪位大大可以翻譯?



How to obtain 30 pigs/sow/year

By Stuart Lumb
Global turndown means producers must have top production on minimal feed.

This image was used by Claus Holmgaard of Danish breeding equipment company Kruuse at the DanBred seminar to highlight heat detection techniques, with stimulation by boar exposure followed by pushing against the sow's flank before massaging her udder, applying pressure on her vulva and conducting the back-pressure test.


In the current global economic downturn, it's vital that pig producers have genotypes that are highly productive and produce pigs that grow fast on minimum feed. Because of genetic improvements, many DanBred producers in Denmark are rearing over 30 pigs per sow on a regular basis and this is weaning at four weeks, not at three weeks as is common in Asia. That's the view of Henrik Boholm, international area manager for DanBred International, who spoke at a recent seminar in Bangkok, Thailand.
Also remember that labour is expensive in Denmark and producers can't afford the luxury of staffing farrowing houses 24/7 as is commonplace in Asia. Pig numbers are not everything they have to grow efficiently and have a high lean meat content, too.
Genetic potential is important but unhealthy pigs will never realise their full potential a bit like expecting a car with a slipping clutch to go fast. Denmark is free from all exotic diseases the last recorded case of hog cholera was in 1933 plus there is a major research programme in place to control endemic and new diseases such as PRRS and PMWS.
Claus Holmgaard is AI manager with Danish equipment company Kruuse and he described how producers could achieve the magical 30 pigs/sow/year. He listed the following key areas:

• Top genetic breeding stock,
• Optimal housing & production facilities,
• Optimal vet support and,
• Optimal sow feeding to ensure output is maximised.

The key area though, for maximising breeding herd output, is the service house. If sows come on heat routinely and are inseminated correctly and hold in-pig, then everything else seems to follow in an orderly manner. Staff must be well-trained in all aspects of insemination techniques and the latest technology applied. Good, accurate records must be kept and the information used, not left gathering dust in the office, to target problem areas.
Semen must be stored at 16-18, ideally in a temperature-controlled semen storage unit. It's vital, added Holmgaard, that semen not be exposed to sunlight quite likely in Thailand or exposed to sudden changes in temperature. Naturally, semen should be used within the lifetime of the diluent, usually 3-8 days after collection.
Heat detectionDetecting sows on heat and, critically, not missing any is a key factor in achieving the 30 P/S/Y target. Sows should be checked twice daily for signs of heat. The service house should be well lit, with high-intensity lighting, for 16 hours per day. Snout contact with an old, smelly boar will stimulate the sow.
The technician should:

• Apply fist or knee pressure to the sow's flank,
• Grab and lift the fold of skin in the groin area and massage the udder, and
• Apply pressure to the vulva.

These techniques mimic how the boar would stimulate the sow if natural mating was to take place.
Heat detection is completed by carrying out the "standing test". If the sow willingly accepts the weight of the technician on her back, she is ready for insemination.
If a sow accepts the weight of the technician on her back, she is ready for insemination.


InseminationThe boar, which should be housed well away from the weaned sows, should be brought into the insemination area, positioned in front of the sows and allowed to make positive snout to snout contact with the sows. Be mindful of limiting the boar contact to five to six sows at one time, or the number of sows which can be inseminated within 30 minutes.
Clean the vulva with a dry, clean single-use paper towel. Catheter gel may be needed, especially with gilts. Gently insert the catheter forwards and upwards into the vagina, rotating it anticlockwise until it locks in the folds of the cervix. Do not squeeze the semen as this increases the risk of back flow. During the insemination, which should last 3-5 minutes, continue to stimulate the sow by sitting on her back or by leaning on her, to ensure semen transport. When the sow has sucked in all the semen, wait a couple of minutes before removing the catheter to prevent semen leakage. Alternatively, break the catheter and fold back on itself.
Note: leave the catheter in the sow for a couple of minutes only. It takes 20-25 minutes for the semen to reach the point of fertilisation, so continue to stimulate the sow, leave her in contact with the boar and importantly, do not stress her in the next one to two hours.
Normally sows are inseminated 24 hours apart, although sows with long heats may be inseminated three times. Sows do vary in terms of the length of heat short, normal and long, hence the number of inseminations may vary.
In order to obtain a good farrowing index, it's essential to pick up any returns to service. Ultrasound scanners are commonplace these days.
Maximising numbers weanedFirst of all it's essential that all the piglets get a good drink of colostrum. With big litters, the smaller piglets may miss out, so observation is vital to check that all the piglets do suckle straight after birth, helping them manually if need be.
If sows can't adequately suckle their litters, fostering is necessary. The cheapest and easiest way is to use nurse or foster sows. The one-step nurse system involves taking three-week-old piglets off a sow and replacing them with two or three piglets of four or five newly farrowed sows, after first ensuring that they all have had that vital colostrum.
An alternative, but more time consuming option, is the two-step nurse system. As the name implies, two sows are involved in this technique. As before, sow A is weaned at 21 days. Then a sow which is milking well and which has been farrowed for a week is chosen. Her piglets get transferred to sow A and sow B's litter is replaced by piglets of newly farrowed sows. Though more complicated, the two-step option is more beneficial. Trial data indicates that the two-step system resulted in less mortality (6% versus 18%) and higher weaning weights (6.4kg versus 5.5kg) than the one-step nurse option.
Dr Sermsak Jiebna of ABCO, who represents DanBred International, said that to get maximum productivity from DanBred stock it's essential that pigs are fed well-formulated feeds with the correct nutrient levels. He stated that "performance can nearly replicate Danish levels, given that nutrition is adequate in terms of ration formulation and quality ingredients and the pigs do not suffer heat stress". Dr Jiebna also emphasised the need for good cooling systems large fans and dripper systems.
New units have a raised, slatted floor design whereby air for cooling is drawn up through the slats. On older units, modifications were having to be made in the gestation houses as the DanBred sows grow much larger than other hybrids.

轉載自http://www.pig-international.com/ViewArticle.aspx?id=27836

taiwanp

如何獲取30豬/母豬/年

By Stuart Lumb

由Stuart Lumb

Global turndown means producers must have top production on minimal feed.

全球床意味著生產商必須有一流的生產上最小的飼料。

This image was used by Claus Holmgaard of Danish breeding equipment company Kruuse at the DanBred seminar to highlight heat detection techniques, with stimulation by boar exposure followed by pushing against the sow's flank before massaging her udder, applying pressure on her vulva and conducting the back-pressure test.

此圖片是使用克勞斯霍爾姆高丹麥養殖設備公司Kruuse在DanBred研討會強調熱檢測方法，以刺激公豬接觸的推後對母豬的側翼按摩她的乳房前，她施加壓力和進行外陰後台壓力試驗。

In the current global economic downturn, it's vital that pig producers have genotypes that are highly productive and produce pigs that grow fast on minimum feed.

在當今全球經濟下滑，這是至關重要的養豬生產者基因型具有高度生產力和生產豬生長快最低飼料。

Because of genetic improvements, many DanBred producers in Denmark are rearing over 30 pigs per sow on a regular basis and this is weaning at four weeks, not at three weeks as is common in Asia.

由於遺傳改善，但許多DanBred生產者在丹麥是飼養了30頭豬每播種定期斷奶，這是在四個星期，而不是在3週在亞洲很常見。

That's the view of Henrik Boholm, international area manager for DanBred International , who spoke at a recent seminar in Bangkok, Thailand.

這是鑑於拉爾森博霍爾姆，國際區域經理DanBred國際 ，誰在最近的講話研討會在泰國曼谷。

Also remember that labour is expensive in Denmark and producers can't afford the luxury of staffing farrowing houses 24/7 as is commonplace in Asia.

也不要忘記，勞動力昂貴，丹麥和生產者買不起的豪華住宅的工作人員產仔24 / 7的是普遍在亞洲。

Pig numbers are not everything they have to grow efficiently and have a high lean meat content, too.

豬數字並不能代表一切，他們必須更有效地成長，具有較高的瘦肉含量也。

Genetic potential is important but unhealthy pigs will never realise their full potential a bit like expecting a car with a slipping clutch to go fast.

遺傳潛力是重要的，但不健康的豬永遠不會實現其全部潛力有點像預期的下滑汽車離合器去快。

Denmark is free from all exotic diseases the last recorded case of hog cholera was in 1933 plus there is a major research programme in place to control endemic and new diseases such as PRRS and PMWS.

丹麥是擺脫所有外來疾病的最後記錄案件豬瘟是在1933年另外還有一個重大的研究方案，以控制地方病和新的疾病，如藍耳病和PMWS。

Claus Holmgaard is AI manager with Danish equipment company Kruuse and he described how producers could achieve the magical 30 pigs/sow/year.

克勞斯霍爾姆高的認可機構的經理與丹麥設備公司Kruuse，他描述了如何製作可以達到神奇的30頭豬/母豬/年。

He listed the following key areas:

他列舉了以下關鍵領域：

• Top genetic breeding stock,
  遺傳育種熱門股票，
• Optimal housing & production facilities,
  優化住房和生產設施，
• Optimal vet support and,
  審核支持和優化，
• Optimal sow feeding to ensure output is maximised.
  優化母豬飼養，以確保產量的最大化。

The key area though, for maximising breeding herd output, is the service house.

但在關鍵領域，最大限度地繁殖群的輸出，是服務的房子。

If sows come on heat routinely and are inseminated correctly and hold in-pig, then everything else seems to follow in an orderly manner.

如果母豬經常來的熱量，是正確和配種舉行豬，然後一切似乎遵循有序。

Staff must be well-trained in all aspects of insemination techniques and the latest technology applied.

工作人員必須訓練有素，在各方面的人工授精技術和最新的技術應用。

Good, accurate records must be kept and the information used, not left gathering dust in the office, to target problem areas.

好，準確的記錄必須保存和使用的信息，沒有離開了灰塵在辦公室，針對問題領域。

Semen must be stored at 16-18, ideally in a temperature-controlled semen storage unit.

精液必須存放在16-18，最好在溫度控制精液儲存單位。

It's vital, added Holmgaard, that semen not be exposed to sunlight quite likely in Thailand or exposed to sudden changes in temperature.

這是至關重要的，補充霍爾姆高，這精液不會被暴露在陽光下很可能在泰國或暴露在溫度突然變化。

Naturally, semen should be used within the lifetime of the diluent, usually 3-8 days after collection.

當然，精液應該使用的壽命內的稀釋劑，一般3-8天之後的集合。

Heat detection

熱檢測

Detecting sows on heat and, critically, not missing any is a key factor in achieving the 30 P/S/Y target.

檢測母豬的熱，關鍵的是，不要錯過任何一個關鍵因素，是實現30個P /秒/年的目標。

Sows should be checked twice daily for signs of heat.

母豬應檢查每日兩次熱的跡象。

The service house should be well lit, with high-intensity lighting, for 16 hours per day.

該服務的房子應該有良好的照明，具有高強度照明，每天16個小時。

Snout contact with an old, smelly boar will stimulate the sow.

吻接觸舊，臭豬會刺激母豬。

The technician should:

技術人員應：

• Apply fist or knee pressure to the sow's flank,
  申請拳頭或膝關節的壓力，母豬的側翼，
• Grab and lift the fold of skin in the groin area and massage the udder, and
  抓斗，並解除倍皮膚在腹股溝區和按摩乳房，和
• Apply pressure to the vulva.
  施加壓力，外陰。

These techniques mimic how the boar would stimulate the sow if natural mating was to take place.

這些技術可以模仿，野豬會刺激母豬自然交配，如果是發生。

Heat detection is completed by carrying out the "standing test".

熱檢測完成貫徹“長期考驗”。

If the sow willingly accepts the weight of the technician on her back, she is ready for insemination.

如果願意接受母豬體重的技術人員在她的背上，她已準備好人工授精。

If a sow accepts the weight of the technician on her back, she is ready for insemination.

如果母豬接受重量的技術員在她的背上，她已準備好人工授精。

Insemination

人工授精

The boar, which should be housed well away from the weaned sows, should be brought into the insemination area, positioned in front of the sows and allowed to make positive snout to snout contact with the sows.

野豬，應該住遠離斷奶母豬，應納入受精領域，定位在前面的母豬，並允許作出積極的吻鼻子接觸到的母豬。

Be mindful of limiting the boar contact to five to six sows at one time, or the number of sows which can be inseminated within 30 minutes.

心系限制公豬接觸母豬5時55分一次，或母豬的數目，可在30分鐘內人工授精。

Clean the vulva with a dry, clean single-use paper towel.

清潔外陰的乾燥，清潔一次性使用紙巾。

Catheter gel may be needed, especially with gilts.

導管凝膠可能需要，特別是母豬。

Gently insert the catheter forwards and upwards into the vagina, rotating it anticlockwise until it locks in the folds of the cervix.

輕輕插入導管前鋒和向上進入陰道，逆時針方向旋轉它，直到它鎖定在褶皺的子宮頸。

Do not squeeze the semen as this increases the risk of back flow.

不要擠壓的精液，因為這增加了回流的風險。

During the insemination, which should last 3-5 minutes, continue to stimulate the sow by sitting on her back or by leaning on her, to ensure semen transport.

在受精，應最後3-5分鐘，繼續刺激母豬坐在她背上，或靠在她，以確保精液的運輸。

When the sow has sucked in all the semen, wait a couple of minutes before removing the catheter to prevent semen leakage.

當母豬在吸走了所有的精液，等待一兩個小時，再移除導管，以防止精液洩漏。

Alternatively, break the catheter and fold back on itself.

另外，打破導管和反折的本身。

Note: leave the catheter in the sow for a couple of minutes only.

注意：離開導管在母豬一對夫婦只分鐘。

It takes 20-25 minutes for the semen to reach the point of fertilisation, so continue to stimulate the sow, leave her in contact with the boar and importantly, do not stress her in the next one to two hours.

這需要20-25分鐘，精液達到受精點，因此，繼續促進母豬，離開她接觸，野豬和重要的是，她並沒有強調在未來一到兩個小時。

Normally sows are inseminated 24 hours apart, although sows with long heats may be inseminated three times.

通常的母豬配種，隔24小時，雖然母豬長加熱，可受精的3倍。

Sows do vary in terms of the length of heat short, normal and long, hence the number of inseminations may vary.

母豬不上各不相同的長度熱短，正常的和長期的，因此人數授精可能會有所不同。

In order to obtain a good farrowing index, it's essential to pick up any returns to service.

為了獲得一個好的產仔指數，它的基本拿起任何回報的服務。

Ultrasound scanners are commonplace these days.

超聲波掃描儀是司空見慣的這些日子。

Maximising numbers weaned

數字最大化斷奶

First of all it's essential that all the piglets get a good drink of colostrum.

首先，它是重要的是所有的仔豬獲得良好的喝的初乳。

With big litters, the smaller piglets may miss out, so observation is vital to check that all the piglets do suckle straight after birth, helping them manually if need be.

與大窩，小仔豬可能錯過了，所以觀察是非常重要的檢查，所有不哺乳仔豬出生後直，幫助他們在有需要時手動。

If sows can't adequately suckle their litters, fostering is necessary.

如果母豬無法充分哺乳的垃圾，培養是必要的。

The cheapest and easiest way is to use nurse or foster sows.

最便宜，最簡單的方法是使用護士或寄養母豬。

The one-step nurse system involves taking three-week-old piglets off a sow and replacing them with two or three piglets of four or five newly farrowed sows, after first ensuring that they all have had that vital colostrum.

一個步驟護士制度涉及到3週大的仔豬引發母豬，更換兩個或三個仔豬四，五個新farrowed母豬，先確保他們都已經是至關重要的初乳。

An alternative, but more time consuming option, is the two-step nurse system.

另一種，但更耗費時間的選擇，是兩步護士制度。

As the name implies, two sows are involved in this technique.

顧名思義，兩個母豬都參與了這項技術。

As before, sow A is weaned at 21 days.

和以前一樣，斷奶母豬A是21天。

Then a sow which is milking well and which has been farrowed for a week is chosen.

然後是擠奶母豬良好，已farrowed一周選擇。

Her piglets get transferred to sow A and sow B's litter is replaced by piglets of newly farrowed sows.

讓她的仔豬轉移到母豬母豬A和B的垃圾，取而代之的是新farrowed仔豬母豬。

Though more complicated, the two-step option is more beneficial.

雖然更為複雜，兩步選擇是較為有利的。

Trial data indicates that the two-step system resulted in less mortality (6% versus 18%) and higher weaning weights (6.4kg versus 5.5kg) than the one-step nurse option.

試驗數據表明，兩步制導致的死亡率減少（6％和18％）和更高的斷奶重量（六點四公斤與五點五千克）比一步護士選項。

Dr Sermsak Jiebna of ABCO, who represents DanBred International, said that to get maximum productivity from DanBred stock it's essential that pigs are fed well-formulated feeds with the correct nutrient levels.

醫生盛沙Jiebna的ABCO的，誰代表DanBred國際上說，為了獲得最高的生產率從DanBred股票是重要的豬是吃良好的飼料，用正確的營養水平。

He stated that "performance can nearly replicate Danish levels, given that nutrition is adequate in terms of ration formulation and quality ingredients and the pigs do not suffer heat stress".

他說，“性能幾乎可以複製丹麥的水平，因為營養是足夠的口糧條款的制定和優質的材料和不遭受豬熱應激”。

Dr Jiebna also emphasised the need for good cooling systems large fans and dripper systems.

Jiebna博士還強調需要有良好的冷卻系統的大型風機和滴頭系統。

New units have a raised, slatted floor design whereby air for cooling is drawn up through the slats.

新單位有一個提高，板條地板設計，使空氣冷卻是通過制定板條。

On older units, modifications were having to be made in the gestation houses as the DanBred sows grow much larger than other hybrids.

關於老年人的單位，修改，申請人必須在醞釀住宅作為DanBred母豬增長遠遠大於其他雜種。

Stuart Lumb is a UK-based writer specialising in pig production.

斯圖爾特Lumb是英國的作家 ， 專門從事養豬生產。

Updated: May 14, 2009 This article appeared in Pig International , May 2009 .

更新日期：2009年5月14日這篇文章出現在豬國際，2009年5月 。

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©版權所有2009，保留所有權利。