玉米轉化生質能源 高飼料榖價時代提前到

竹風人

玉米轉化生質能源 高飼料榖價時代提前到
更新日期:2007/03/07 14:30

受石油能源危機衝擊，歐美等國家積極開發玉米、大豆轉化成「生質能源」，導致進口玉米連番飆漲。彰化縣農業局分析，將帶動高飼料榖價時代提前來臨，呼籲養豬業者要做好調節飼養成本的準備。（李河錫報導）

歐美等工業高度發展國家，近年飽受石油能源危機威脅，各產地原油連番飆漲，加上地球急速暖化，迫使歐美國家積極將玉米、大豆等大宗農作物開發生產替代性「生質能源」，其中美國以法令規定，要求汽油中必須添加約10%替代能源，導致以玉米為生產原物料的能源廠商，如雨後春筍般成立，光美國就多達四百多家，導致國內進口飼料玉米連番飆漲一倍以上。彰化縣農業局長邱士平分析表示，不僅玉米、大豆行情大漲，連澳洲小麥也因欠收五成而飆高，顯示高飼料榖價時代將提前來臨，目前正積極透過養豬協會，呼籲業者朝向「量少質精」與尋求替代飼料等方向來飼養毛豬。

因鄰近中國大陸，從去年開始也禁止玉米出口，台灣地區雖沒有在禁銷行列，因價格偏高而無法應急﹔至於國內生產飼料玉米成本則更高，飼料業者正研議進口「玉米粕」來化解危機，但營養份還在評估當中。

dowell

全球發展生質能源　間接衝擊毛豬生產
    從今年過完農曆年以後，國內毛豬價格就持續下跌，養豬戶現在幾乎全都賠本經營。造成豬價急速下跌的重要原因，除了傳統淡季需求減少之外，飼料大幅漲價是關鍵。農委會主委蘇嘉全表示，世界各國都在發展生質能源，玉米、榖類等養豬用的飼料出現短缺，漲價了四成，國內養豬戶的飼養成本從每百斤四千五百塊，上升到五千塊，成本增加，養豬戶才會陷入經營的困境。

    國內毛豬價格現在已經跌到低於養豬戶的生產成本，養豬戶賠本經營，壓力沈重，造成這個現象的原因，除了去年豬價大好養豬戶增養，以及農曆年後進入傳統豬肉消費淡季之外，最重要的因素其實是飼料價格漲翻天，足足漲價四成。飼料為什麼出現這麼大的漲幅，農委會主委蘇嘉全表示，是因為全球都在努力發展生質能源，玉米、穀類需求大幅提高，價格向上波動，影響所及，國內養豬戶的生產成本，從以往的每百公斤四千五百塊，上升到五千塊，現在只能透過各項調節措施，希望讓國內豬價在四月中旬回到成本價以上，蘇嘉全說，「以禮拜六來說還在四千六百多，還是會有一些賠本，希望到四月中旬能到五千塊，符合他的成本」

    蘇嘉全表示，國際飼料價格上漲，不但衝擊台灣，主要毛豬生產國都受到影響，可以發現國內進口豬肉的量比去年少了六成，價格因素讓進口商也卻步。

Peetles

Corn is Not the Future of U.S. Ethanol - DOE
Source: Reuters
(dated 29/03/2007)

New York, March 29 2007 - New technology to make ethanol from crops such as grasses and trees instead of corn could ease price spikes of the grain within a decade, a U.S. Energy Department official said on Wednesday.

"I'm not going to predict what the price of corn is going to do, but I will tell you the future of biofuels is not based on corn," U.S. Deputy Energy Secretary Clay Sell said in an interview.

Output of U.S. ethanol, which is mostly made from corn, is expected to jump in 2007 from 5.6 billion gallons per year to 8 billion gpy, as nearly 80 bio-refineries sprout up.

Corn prices have doubled over the last year as the Bush administration, seeking to reduce oil imports while boosting output of fuels believed to cut greenhouse gas emissions, offers millions of dollars in incentives to boost ethanol production.

The corn prices, the highest in a decade, have spurred thousands of people in Mexico to protest over the price of tortillas, a national staple made from corn. The spike has also lead to worries that meat and dairy prices could eventually rise.

Sell said the future of biofuels is cellulosic ethanol, made from microbes that break down woody bits of non-food crops into sugars that can be fermented into fuel.

Cellulosic, and other new biofuels such as biobutanol, which can be made from petroleum as well as biomass, could begin to feed the commercial fuel market within six to 10 years, he said. They could also be part of a larger program to cut greenhouse gases, he added.

The new fuels are much pricier than conventional ethanol, but relief would come through U.S. investment in research and development.

"We are going to get significant breakthroughs that can conceivably bring down the cost of cellulosic ethanol production down by an order of magnitude," Sell told Reuters.

Amid growing pressure to cut emissions in the world's biggest producer of greenhouse gases, the Bush administration is also putting research and investment money into clean coal, and energy efficiency.

Sell rejected the idea that a national mandatory cap on emissions could shift the burden of the development of low- emissions domestic fuels from government to markets by creating trade in credits for the right to pollute.

Potential 2008 U.S. president contenders from both parties support such programs, as do growing numbers of energy experts and companies. But President George Bush opposes mandatory caps on emissions, saying they would hurt the U.S. economy.

Sell said the United States, as the world's top energy consumer and economy, was not morally obliged to lead rapidly developing countries.

He said such measures would keep "hundreds millions of people in poverty" in China and India. Those countries are not obliged to place mandatory cuts on emissions under any international agreement.

[ 本帖最後由 Peetles 於 2007-3-29 17:22 編輯 ]

Roselu

希望繼續

http://quotes.ino.com/exchanges/?r=CBOT_C